Standards and Conceptual Approach

The Open RN Nursing Management and Professional Concepts textbook is based on several external standards and uses a conceptual approach.

External Standards

American Nurses Association (ANA)

The ANA establishes Standards for Professional Nursing Practice a Nursing Code of Ethics.^[1],[2]

• • https://www.nursingworld.org/ana/about-ana/standards/

The National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses: NCLEX-RN Test Plans

The NCLEX-RN test plans are updated every three years to reflect fair, comprehensive, current, and entry-level nursing competency.

• • https://www.ncsbn.org/nclex.htm

The National League of Nursing (NLN): Competencies for Graduates of Nursing Programs

NLN competencies guide nursing curricula to position graduates in a dynamic health care arena with practice that is informed by a body of knowledge and ensures that all members of the public receive safe, quality care.

• • http://www.nln.org/professional-development-programs/competencies-for-nursing-education/nln-competencies-for-graduates-of-nursing-programs

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Institute: Pre-licensure Competencies 

Quality and safety competencies include knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be developed in nursing pre-licensure programs. QSEN competencies include patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.

• • https://qsen.org/competencies/

Texas State Legislature, Texas Occupations Code Chapter 301, Chapter 303, and Chapter 304

The Texas Occupations Code governs the Registered Nursing and Practical Nursing professions in Texas.

• • https://www.bon.texas.gov/pdfs/law_rules_pdfs/nursing_practice_act_pdfs/NPA2021.pdf

Healthy People 2030

Healthy People 2030 envisions a society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being across the life span. Healthy People provides objectives based on national data and includes social determinants of health.

• • https://health.gov/healthypeople

Conceptual Approach

The Open RN Nursing Management and Professional Concepts textbook incorporates the following concepts:

• Holism. Florence Nightingale taught nurses to focus on the principles of holism, including wellness and the interrelationship of human beings and their environment. This textbook encourages holistic nursing care by addressing the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) and health care reimbursement models on client health.
• Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). Evidence-based practices are referenced by footnotes throughout the textbook. To promote the development of digital literacy, hyperlinks are provided to credible, free online resources that supplement content. The Open RN textbooks will be updated as new EBP is established and after the release of updated NCLEX Test Plans every three years.
• Clinical Judgment. Associated unfolding case studies are written to reflect the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Measurement Model used on the NCLEX-RN. Formative assessments encourage students to recognize cues, analyze cues, prioritize hypotheses, generate solutions, take action, and evaluate outcomes.^[3]
• Cultural Competency. Nurses have an ethical obligation to practice with culturally humility and provide culturally responsive care to the clients and communities they serve based on the ANA Code of Ethics^[4] and the ANA Scope and Standards of Practice.^[5]
• Safe, Quality, Patient-Centered Care.  Content reflects the priorities of safe, quality, patient-centered care.
• Clear and Inclusive Language. Clear language is used based on preferences expressed by pre-licensure nursing students to enhance understanding of complex concepts.^[6] “They” is used as a singular pronoun to refer to a person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant to the context of the usage, as endorsed by APA style. It is inclusive of all people and helps writers avoid making assumptions about gender.^[7] 
• Open Source Images and Fair Use. Images are included to promote visual learning. Students and faculty can reuse open source images by following the terms of their associated Creative Commons licensing. Some images are included based on Fair Use as described in the “Code of Best Practices for Fair Use and Fair Dealing in Open Education” presented at the OpenEd 2020 conference. Refer to the footnotes of images for source and licensing information throughout the text.
• Open Pedagogy. Students are encouraged to contribute to the Open RN project in meaningful ways by reviewing content for clarity and assisting in the creation of open source images.^[8]

Supplementary Material Provided

Several supplementary resources are provided with this textbook.

• Supplementary, free videos promote student understanding of concepts and procedures
• Online, interactive, and written learning activities provide formative feedback
• Critical thinking questions encourage the development of clinical judgment as students apply content to realistic patient scenarios
• Free downloadable textbook versions are available for offline use
• Affordable soft cover print versions are published by XanEdu and available on Amazon and in college bookstores based on the finding that over 65% of students prefer a print version of their textbooks.^[9]