QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

Study questions for undergraduates:

(1) Compare and contrast the following means of subsistence: pastoralism, semipastoralism, river-basin cultivation, hunting and gathering, and agricultural ways of
life.
(2) How do you define the term “ethno-linguistic” identity?
(3) What is linguistic classification? How do we classify languages into families?
(4) What do you understand by „language shift‟ and „language maintenance‟? Explain by
providing examples, if possible.
(5) What is implementation in language planning?

Study questions for graduate students:

(1) What are the internal and external factors contributing to the shifting of language
solidarity?
(2) How do you relate language policy implementation with the notions of language
rights and linguistic citizenships?
(3) Describe the concept of “regular sound change”.
(4) What is the articulatory and acoustic nature of implosive consonants? What could be
the possible origin of these consonants in Ngaalam and other Surmic languages, for
instance?
(5) What do you understand by ATR vowel harmony process?